The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe Class 10 CBSE

               Class 10 CBSE Social Science - History

          Chapter The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe 

Terms to know:-

1. Serfdom: The system under which peasants were forced to live and work under feudal lords.

2. Absolutist: Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised. In history, the term refers to a form of, monarchial government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.

3. Utopian: A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist.

4. Habsburg Empire: The empire that was in Austria, Hungary including the Alpine region of Tyrol, Austria, Sudetenland and Bohmia.

5. Ideology: System of ideas reflecting a particular social and political vision.

6. Conservatism: A philosophy that emphasises on importance of traditions, rules and conventions, along with traditional institutions.

7. Plebiscite: A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.

8. Ottoman Empire: Turkish empire ruled by the Caliph-the spiritual and temporal head of the Muslims.

9. Ethnic: The term relates to a common racial, tribal or cultural origin or background that a community identifies with ir claims.

10. Allegory: Expression of an abstract idea through a human or animal.

11. Nationalism: Nationalism is the sentiment of loyality and devotion to one's state which surpasses the interest of other individuals, groups or nation - states.

12. Nation-state: A soverign state resided by comparatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality.

13. Collective Identity: Feeling of belongingness towards a particular nation as citizens/ identification with other citizens on the basis of similar history, descent or kinship.

14. Guild Systems: Group of people who use the same resources or pusue the same profession.

15. Manorial dues: The fees that peasants / farmers / serfs owe to to the nobles, who is their landlord.

16. Aristocracy: High class of society, comprising people of noble descent with crecial and other herediatry.

17. Jacobins: A popular political group during French Revolution.

18. Confederation: United alliances of groups, parties, states.

19. Secret Societies: groups which were made hidden from the authority, generally to plot a protest against the authorities.

20. Vernacular: Regional

21. Clergy: Priests and others ordrained for religious duties.

22. Autocratic: Relating to a ruler with absolute power.

23. Junkers: Large landowners

Timeline:-

Year           Important Events

1688:-           Monarchy was replaced by English Parliament.

1707:-           Act of Union 

1789:-           The French Revolution occurred.

1797:-           Napoleon invaded Italy; Napoleonic wars began.

1804:-           Napoleonic Code was introduced prohibiting privileges based on birth. Upheld the equality before law.

1812:-          Grimm's Fairy Tales- first edition was published.

1813:-           Battle of Leipzig.

1814-15:-   The defeat of Napoleon by European powers - Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The Treaty of Vienna was signed. The conservatives were set up.

1821:-          Greek struggle for independence began.

1824:-          English poet Lord Byron died.

1830:-          July Uprising of France.

1831:-          Giuseppe Mazzini established Young Italy. An armed rebellion against Russian rule took place. 

1831:-         Polish rebellion against Russia.

1834:-         Zollverein or the Customs Union was formed in Prussia to abolish tarrif barriers.

1848:-         Revolution of Liberals; Frederic Sorrieu prepared prints of " Democratic and Social Republic"; Frankfurt Parliament was convened in church of St. paul.

1859:-       Piedmont and France defeated Austria.

1859-70:- Unification of Italy.

1861:-       Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy.

1859-71:- Unification of Germany.

1867:-       Habsburg rulers grant more autonomy to the Hungarians.

1871:-       The Prussian King, Kaiser William I was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.

1905:-       Slavs nationalism gathered their force in the Habsburg and Ottoman empires.

1914:-      First World War.

Who's Who? :-

1. Frederic Sorrieu: A French artist famous for a series of four prints which were prepared in 1848. They depicted the dream of a world consisting of 'Democratic and Social Republics'. These prints had a distinct feature of representing men, nations and allegories to convey Frederic's utopian vision of the world.

2. Ernst Renan: A French philosopher who gave the lecture, "What is a Natin?" in university of Sorbonne in 1822.

3. Andreas Rebmann: Rebmann lived in the city of Mainz; he was a member of a German Jacobin group and was a journalist. He designed the cover of a German almanac, with an image of French Bastille being stormed by the revolutionary crowd. The cover was supplemented by the slogan " The people must sieze their own freedom."

4. Karl Kaspar Fritz: He was a German painter who painted ' The Planting of Tree of Liberty' in Zweibrucken, Germany.

5. Napoleon (1769-1821): A French military and political leader who attained prominence during the French Revoltion. He ruled France from 1799 to 1815. He assumed absolute power in 1799 by becoming the First Conul. He was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

6. Giuseppe Mazzini: An Italian politician, journalist, activist, revolutionary who superheaded unification of Italy and made several efforts by parktaking in revolutions, setting up secret socities to spread the idea of unity and protest against the conservative regime. 

7. Duke Metternich: An Austrian Chancellor who hosted the Congress which was held at Vienna in 1815 and was the chief architect of the Traty of Vienna.

8. Eugene Delacroix: One of the most popular French painters who painted the Massacre at Chios in 1824.

9. Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803): Romantic German Philosopher.

10. Jacob anf Wilhelm Grimm: They were brothers born in Germany city of Hanau in 1785 and 1786, studied law and collected fairy tales and folklores from various villages. They became active in liberal poltics, especially the movement for freedom of the press. In the meantime they also published a 33-volume dictionary of the German language.

11.    Karol Kurpinski: A romantic philosopher who celebrated national struggles by turning folk dances like the polanaise and mazurka into nationalists symbol.

12.    Louis Philippe: The king who installed as the apex of Constitutional Monarchy in France after Bourbon Dynasty was deposed in 1815.

13.    Lord Byron: English poet and war soldier; participated in Greek War of Independence.

14.    Kaiser William I: Prussian King

15.    Otto Von Bismarck: Prussian Chief Minister who helped in unification of Germany.

16.    Victor Emmanuel II:  King of Uniformed Italy

17. Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-82): Italian freedom fighter; he joined the Young Italy movement and participated in a republican uprising in Piedmont in 1834. In 1854, he supported Victor Emmanuel II in his efforts to unify the Italian states. In 1860, Garibaldi led the famous expedition of the Thousand to South Italy. In 1867, Garibaldi led an army of volunteers (red shirts) to Rome to fight the last abstacle to the unification of Italy, against the Papal States which joined Italy in 1870.